A study of prevalence of silent coronary artery disease in asymptomatic type II diabetes mellitus

Moogaambiga S, Kirubhakaran K, Devi PL, Santhosh P

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Moogaambiga S^1,*, Kirubhakaran K¹, Lavanya Devi P¹ and Santhosh P¹

¹Department of General Medicine, Vinayaka Mission’s Kirupananda Variyar Medical College and Hospital, Salem, Tamil Nadu- 636308, India

*Corresponding author: Dr. Moogaambiga S, Department of General Medicine, Vinayaka Mission’s Kirupananda Variyar Medical College and Hospital, Salem, Tamil Nadu- 636308, India. Mobile: 9842459677; E-mail: mooks.stanlean@gmail.com.

Received 16 October 2020; Revised 2 December 2020; Accepted 12 December 2020; Published 30 December 2020

Citation: Moogaambiga S, Kirubhakaran K, Devi PL, Santhosh P. A study of prevalence of silent coronary artery disease in asymptomatic type II diabetes mellitus. J Med Sci Res. 2021; 9(1):1-4. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17727/JMSR.2021/9-1

Copyright: © 2021 Moogaambiga S et al. Published by KIMS Foundation and Research Center. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetics. However diabetic patients do not present with typical anginal symptoms or may be even asymptomatic and silent coronary artery disease (CAD) is prevalent in diabetics. Moreover silent CAD is not different from symptomatic CAD with respect to prognosis and adverse effects.

Aim: The study was done to demonstrate the prevalence of silent myocardial ischemic changes in asymptomatic type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with normal resting ECG by doing a stress exercise test.

Methodology: This descriptive study was done in 100 patients with type 2 diabetes more than 2 years who did not have any history of cardiovascular disease or symptoms. Detailed history was taken and investigations such as HbA1c, fasting and postprandial blood sugar, serum creatinine, urine examination were done. Resting ECG, Echocardiogram was found to be normal and they were subjected to a treadmill test.

Results: Among the 100 participants 18 persons (18%) had positive ECG findings in treadmill test. A positive association was found between the duration of diabetes and prevalence of positive treadmill test.

Conclusion: There is significant prevalence of silent CAD in diabetic patients and they tend to present with advanced disease at presentation and have poorer prognosis compared to non diabetic population. Hence it is necessary to screen early for silent CAD in diabetics to improve disease outcomes.

Keywords: diabetes; silent CAD; treadmill test